Security Deposit and Damages: Tenants in Norway
As a tenant in Norway, questions about security deposits and damages can be stressful and confusing. This guide explains step by step how a deposit account works, which damages you may be held responsible for, how to document the property condition at move-in and move-out, and which deadlines apply for refunds or disputes. The text shows practical measures you can take before, during and after the tenancy — including photos, written communication and cleanup requirements. The goal is to provide clear, practical advice in English so you can protect your rights without being a legal expert. You will also get an overview of where to complain, including the Tenancy Disputes Board and the courts, and which evidence improves your chances of getting the full deposit back.
What does the deposit cover?
The security deposit is intended to protect the landlord against financial loss from damage or unpaid rent. Common practice is that the deposit is placed in a separate deposit account in a bank in the tenant's or landlord's name, and the rules are found in the Tenancy Act.[1]
- The deposit can cover costs for damages beyond normal wear and tear.
- The deposit can also be used for unpaid rent or other contract breaches.
- Good documentation such as photos and a protocol increases the chance of getting the full deposit back.
Documentation at move-in and move-out
Before you take over the property, you should review the condition together with the landlord and create a written move-in report with date and photos. When you move out, take new photos in daylight and keep receipts for necessary repairs or cleaning.
- Take overview photos of all rooms and close-ups of any damage.
- Get any agreements in writing and keep copies of all communication.
- Save receipts for cleaning or repairs you paid for yourself.
When can the landlord deduct for damages?
The landlord may deduct from the deposit for damages that go beyond normal wear and tear. Normal wear and tear is not precisely defined in the law, but the courts and the Tenancy Disputes Board provide guidance on what is considered unusual.
Disputes and complaints
If you cannot agree, the tenant can complain to the Tenancy Disputes Board (HTU) or take the case to the conciliation board/court for larger claims. HTU handles many common tenancy disputes free of charge or at low cost.[2] For information about court procedures and enforcement, see the courts' and police guidance.[3]
Frequently Asked Questions
- What counts as normal wear and tear?
- Normal wear and tear is gradual deterioration from ordinary use, such as carpet wear or paint fading; deep scratches or burn marks are not normal wear and tear.
- How quickly must I get my deposit back?
- There is no fixed statutory deadline, but the landlord should process the settlement without undue delay and provide an account of any deductions.
- Do I have to use HTU to complain?
- You can use HTU for many tenancy disputes, but you can also choose the conciliation board or the courts depending on the nature of the case.
How to
- Take thorough photos at move-in and move-out.
- Send a written claim to the landlord with documentation and a deadline for refund.
- Contact HTU for guidance or to submit a complaint if you cannot reach an agreement.
Help and support / Resources
- Lovdata - Tenancy Act
- Tenancy Disputes Board (HTU)
- The Courts - conciliation board and district court
